Some keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously. Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout (localization).
Contents
Comparison of keyboard shortcuts
Main article: Keyboard shortcut
Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating
systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive
enough that some users consider them an essential element of their
routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of
personal preference or for adaptive technology,
the pervasiveness of common conventions enables the comparison of
keyboard shortcuts across different systems. The following sections
detail some of these comparisons in widely used operating systems.General shortcuts
A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults. Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the "E" shortcut. Furthermore, many shortcuts (such as CTRL-Z, ALT-E, etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written. Not all applications follow (all of) these conventions.| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File menu | ⎇ Alt+F, or F10 then F | ^ Ctrl+F2, then F (requires full keyboard access active, using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls. Alternatively use ^ Ctrl+F1 to toggle this setting.) | ⎇ Alt+F | ◆ Meta+`, then f |
| Edit menu | ⎇ Alt+E | ^ Ctrl+F2, then E | ⎇ Alt+E | ◆ Meta+`, then e |
| View menu | ⎇ Alt+V | ^ Ctrl+F2, then V | ⎇ Alt+V | |
| Undo the last operation | ^ Ctrl+Z, or ⎇ Alt+⌫ Backspace | ⌘ Cmd+Z | ^ Ctrl+Z | ^ Ctrl+x, then u or ^ Ctrl+/ or ^ Ctrl+_ or Undo |
| Redo the last operation | ^ Ctrl+Y | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Z | ⇧ Shift+^ Ctrl+Z, or ^ Ctrl+Y | Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos. |
| Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard | ^ Ctrl+X, or ⇧ Shift+⌦ Del | ⌘ Cmd+X | ^ Ctrl+X | ^ Ctrl+w |
| Copy the selection into the clipboard | ^ Ctrl+C, or ^ Ctrl+Ins | ⌘ Cmd+C | ^ Ctrl+C | ◆ Meta+w, or ^ Ctrl+⌤ Ins |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor | ^ Ctrl+V, or ⇧ Shift+⌤ Ins | ⌘ Cmd+V | ^ Ctrl+V | ^ Ctrl+y, or ⇧ Shift+⌤ Ins, or |
| Paste special | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+V | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V | ◆ Meta+y | |
| Select all in focused control or window | ^ Ctrl+A | ⌘ Cmd+A | ^ Ctrl+A | ^ Ctrl+x, then h |
| Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods | ⇧ Shift+⎇ Alt, or ⌘ Win+Space
The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8. |
⌘ Cmd+Space (not MBR)
Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.[1] |
^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+K via KDE Keyboard
⇧ Shift+⎇ Alt in GNOME |
^ Ctrl+\ |
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE/GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| New browser window with same page as current | ^ Ctrl+N (for both explorer.exe and iexplore.exe) | ^ Ctrl+N | |
| New folder | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+N | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N |
| Applications menu | ⌘ Win or ^ Ctrl+⎋ Esc |
⎇ Alt + "n"
e.g. for _File_ ⎇ Alt + F |
|
| Lock desktop | ⌘ Win+L[2] | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⏏ Eject or MBR ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Pwr
(If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy") |
^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+L |
| Show desktop | ⌘ Win+D or ⌘ Win+M (then use ⌘ Win+⇧ Shift+M to bring back all windows) |
F11 | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+D |
| Log out user | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Q | Ctrl+Alt+Delete | |
| Switch active user | ⌘ Win+L[3] | ||
| Task manager | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⎋ Esc, Ctrl+Alt+Delete[4] | ⎇ Alt+⌘ Cmd+⎋ Esc | ^ Ctrl+⎋ Esc |
| Rename object | F2 | ⌅ Enter | F2 |
| Open file or program | ⌅ Enter | ⌘ Cmd+O | ⌅ Enter |
| Switch window (next/previous) | ⎇ Alt+Tab ↹ /
⇧ Shift+⎇ Alt+Tab ↹ |
⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ /
⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ |
⎇ Alt+Tab ↹ /
⎇ Alt+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ |
| Switch window without dialog (next/previous) | ⎇ Alt+⎋ Esc /
⇧ Shift+⎇ Alt+⎋ Esc |
Only works within single Applications ⌘ Cmd+` / ⌘ Cmd+~ |
|
| Run application | ⌘ Win, enter executable name or ⌘ Win+R, enter executable name |
⌘ Cmd+Space, enter executable name | ⎇ Alt+F2, enter executable name |
| Search | ⌘ Win, enter executable name or ⌘ Win+F |
⌘ Cmd+Space /
⎇ Alt+F |
Power management
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Place computer into sleep/standby mode | Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel-->Power Options-->Advanced tab dialog box) | ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+⏏ Eject[5] | Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel-->Power Options-->Advanced tab dialog box) |
| Shutdown computer | ^ Ctrl+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+⏏ Eject
(no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) |
^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+⇧ Shift+PageDown
(KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) |
|
| Restart computer | ^ Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+⏏ Eject[5]
(no confirmation, restart is immediate) |
^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+⇧ Shift+PageUp
(KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate) |
|
| Place display in sleep mode | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⏏ Eject | ||
| Bring up power/sleep dialog box | ⎇ Alt+F4 (while on Desktop only) | ^ Ctrl+⏏ Eject |
Screenshots
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Save screenshot of entire screen as file | ⌘ Win+⎙ Print Screen | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3 | ⎙ Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell [6] |
| Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard | ⎙ Print Screen or ^ Ctrl+⎙ Print Screen | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3 | ⎙ Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME Shell [6] |
| Save screenshot of window as file | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space | ⎇ Alt+⎙ Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME [6] | |
| Copy screenshot of window to clipboard | ⎇ Alt+⎙ Print Screen | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space | ⎇ Alt+⎙ Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME [6] |
| Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 | ||
| Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 | ||
| Screencasting | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⎇ Alt+R
[7] [8] |
Text editing
Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.[9]| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs | Vim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delete char to the right of cursor | ⌦ Del or Fn+⌫ Backspace | ⌦ Del, or ^ Ctrl+d, or Fn+⌫ Backspace | ^ Ctrl+d | x | |
| Delete word to the right of cursor | ^ Ctrl+⌦ Del | ⌥ Opt+⌦ Del or ⌥ Opt+ Fn+⌫ Backspace |
^ Ctrl+⌦ Del | ◆ Meta+d | dw |
| Delete word to the left of cursor | ^ Ctrl+⌫ Backspace | ⌥ Opt+⌫ Backspace | ^ Ctrl+⌫ Backspace | ^ Ctrl+⌫ Backspace, or ◆ Meta+⌫ Backspace | db |
| Go to start of line | ⇱ Home, or Fn+← | ⌘ Cmd+← or ^ Ctrl+A | ⇱ Home | ^ Ctrl+a, or ⇱ Home | 0 |
| Go to end of line | ⇲ End, or Fn+→ | ⌘ Cmd+→ or ^ Ctrl+E | ⇲ End | ^ Ctrl+e, or ⇲ End | $ |
| Go to start of document | ^ Ctrl + ⇱ Home | ⌘ Cmd+↑ | ^ Ctrl + ⇱ Home | ◆ Meta+<, or ^ Ctrl+⇱ Home | gg |
| Go to end of document | ^ Ctrl + ⇲ End | ⌘ Cmd+↓ | ^ Ctrl + ⇲ End | ◆ Meta+>, or ^ Ctrl+⇲ End | G |
| Go to previous word | ^ Ctrl+← | ⌥ Opt+← | ^ Ctrl+← | ◆ Meta+b, or ^ Ctrl+←, or ◆ Meta+← | b |
| Go to next word | ^ Ctrl+→ | ⌥ Opt+→ | ^ Ctrl+→ | ◆ Meta+f, or ^ Ctrl+→, or ◆ Meta+→ | w |
| Go to previous line | ↑ | ↑, or ^ Ctrl+p | ↑ | ^ Ctrl+p, or ↑ | k |
| Go to next line | ↓ | ↓, or ^ Ctrl+n | ↓ | ^ Ctrl+n, or ↓ | j |
| Go to previous line break (paragraph) | ^ Ctrl+↑ | ⌥ Opt+↑ | ^ Ctrl+↑ (kword or GNOME) | ◆ Meta+'{', or ^ Control+↑ | { |
| Go to next line break | ^ Ctrl+↓ | ⌥ Opt+↓ | ^ Ctrl+↓ (kword or GNOME) | ◆ Meta+'}', or ^ Control+↓ | } |
| Move the cursor down the length of the viewport | ⇟ Page Down | Fn+↓ | ⇟ Page Down | ||
| Move the cursor up the length of the viewport | ⇞ Page Up | Fn+↑ | ⇞ Page Up | ||
| Find | ^ Ctrl+F | ⌘ Cmd+F
⌘ Cmd+E (Search with current selection) |
^ Ctrl+F
^ Ctrl+K (GNOME; interactive search) |
^ Ctrl+s | / |
| Go to next search result | F3 | ⌘ Cmd+G | ^ Ctrl+G (GNOME) or F3 (KDE)[10] | ^ Ctrl+s | n |
| Go to previous search result | ⇧ Shift+F3 | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G | ⇧ Shift+^ Ctrl+G (GNOME) or ⇧ Shift+F3 (KDE)[10] | ^ Ctrl+r | N |
| Search and replace | ^ Ctrl+H | ⌘ Cmd+F | ^ Ctrl+H (GNOME) or ^ Ctrl+R (KDE) | ◆ Meta+% | %s/fosh/fish/gc |
| Search with a regular expression | ^ Ctrl+◆ Meta+s | All search uses regular expressions. | |||
| Search and replace with a regular expression | ^ Ctrl+◆ Meta+%, |
Text formatting
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME[11] | Emacs | Vim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bold | ^ Ctrl+B | ⌘ Cmd+B | ^ Ctrl+B | ||
| Underline | ^ Ctrl+U | ⌘ Cmd+U | ^ Ctrl+U | ||
| Italic | ^ Ctrl+I | ⌘ Cmd+I | ^ Ctrl+I | ||
| Uppercase / Lowercase | ⇧ Shift+F3 | ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+C | ⇧ Shift+F3 | ◆ Meta+u for upper,
◆ Meta+l for lower, ◆ Meta+c for capitalized. |
gU for upper, gu for lower, ~ to toggle. |
| Superscript | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift++ | ^ Ctrl+⌘ Cmd++ (Pages and Adobe Applications only?) | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P[12] | ||
| Subscript | ^ Ctrl+= | ^ Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+- (Pages and Adobe Applications only?) | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B[12] | ||
| Make selected text larger/smaller | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+>/^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+<,
^ Ctrl+[/^ Ctrl+] |
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go to Address Bar | ⎇ Alt+D or ⎇ Alt+C depending on language |
⌘ Cmd+L | ^ Ctrl+L or ⎇ Alt+D or F6 |
| Go to the previous location in history | ⎇ Alt+← or ⌫ Backspace | ⌘ Cmd+[ or ⌘ Cmd+← | ⎇ Alt+← |
| Go to the next location in history | ⎇ Alt+→ or ⇧ Shift+⌫ Backspace (web browser only) | ⌘ Cmd+] or ⌘ Cmd+→ | ⎇ Alt+→ |
| Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy | ⎇ Alt+↑ (Vista, 7 or 8 only) or ⌫ Backspace (Windows Explorer) | ⌘ Cmd+↑ | ⎇ Alt+↑ |
| Go to the starting page defined by the user or application | ⎇ Alt+⇱ Home | ⌘ Cmd+⇱ Home | ^ Ctrl+⇱ Home (KDE) /
⎇ Alt+⇱ Home (GNOME) |
Web browsers
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs-w3m |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bookmarks menu | ^ Ctrl+B | ⌘ Cmd+B (Firefox) | ⎇ Alt+B | v |
| URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com) | ^ Ctrl+⌅ Enter | ⌘ Cmd+⌅ Enter (Firefox) or ^ Control+⌅ Enter (Chrome) |
^ Ctrl+⌅ Enter | |
| URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org) | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌅ Enter | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+⌅ Enter (Firefox) | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌅ Enter | |
| URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net) | ⇧ Shift +⌅ Enter | ⇧ Shift +⌅ Enter (Firefox) | ⇧ Shift +⌅ Enter | |
| Add bookmark for current page | ^ Ctrl+D | ⌘ Cmd+D | ^ Ctrl+B /
^ Ctrl+D |
a |
| Add bookmark for current link | ◆ Meta+a | |||
| Manage bookmarks | ^ Ctrl+B | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+B (Chrome/Safari) or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+B (Firefox) |
^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R /
^ Ctrl+B |
|
| Focus and select Web search bar | ^ Ctrl+E | ⌘ Cmd+E (Opera) or ⌘ Cmd+K (Firefox) or ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+F (Safari) |
^ Ctrl+k | |
| Focus and select address bar | ^ Ctrl+L or F6 or ⎇ Alt+D | ⌘ Cmd+L | ^ Ctrl+L or ⎇ Alt+D or F6 | g s |
| Refresh a webpage | F5 or ^ Ctrl+R | ⌘ Cmd+R | F5 or ^ Ctrl+R | R |
| Refresh a webpage ignoring cache | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+R | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R | |
| Open a new window | ^ Ctrl+N | ⌘ Cmd+N (Chrome) | ^ Ctrl+N | |
| Zoom Options (zoom in / zoom out / zoom 100%) | ^ Ctrl++ / ^ Ctrl+- / ^ Ctrl+0 | ⌘ Cmd++ / ⌘ Cmd+- / ⌘ Cmd+0 | ^ Ctrl++ / ^ Ctrl+- / ^ Ctrl+0 |
Tab management
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs-w3m | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New tab | ^ Ctrl+T | ⌘ Cmd+T | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N or ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T or ^ Ctrl+T | ^ Ctrl+c, then ^ Ctrl+t | |
| Close tab | ^ Ctrl+W | ⌘ Cmd+W | ^ Ctrl+W Mozilla Firefox [13] & Opera [14] & Chrom{e,ium} [15] & Arora [16] & Epiphany [17] & Midori
^ Ctrl+F4 Mozilla Firefox [13] & Opera [14] & Chrom{e,ium} [15] & Arora [16] |
||
| Close all tabs but the current one | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+W (Safari) | ^ Ctrl+c, then ◆ Meta+w | |||
| Go to next tab | ^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ | ^ Control+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+→ (Safari) | ^ Ctrl+PageDown or ^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ or ^ Ctrl+. | ^ Ctrl+c, then ^ Ctrl+n | |
| Go to previous tab | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | ⇧ Shift+^ Control+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+← (Safari) | ^ Ctrl+PageUp or ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ or ^ Ctrl+, | ^ Ctrl+c, then ^ Ctrl+p | |
| Go to tab-n | ^ Ctrl+n (Chrome/Firefox) | ⌘ Cmd+n (Chrome) | ⎇ Alt+n (Chrome/Firefox) or
^ Ctrl+n '(Chrome) |
||
| Open a previously closed tab | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox/Opera/Chrome) | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)[15][18][19] | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox)[18] | |
| Open a previously closed window | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N (Firefox) |
Window management
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME | Emacs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop up window menu | ⎇ Alt+Space | ⎇ Alt+F3 | ⎇ Alt+Space | ^ Ctrl+`, then b | |
| Close the focused window | ⎇ Alt+F4 or ^ Ctrl+F4 or ^ Ctrl+W or ⎇ Alt+Space then C[20] | ⌘ Cmd+W | ⎇ Alt+F4 | ⎇ Alt+F4 | ^ Ctrl+x, then k |
| Restore the focused window to its previous size | ⎇ Alt+Space then R[20] | ⎇ Alt+F5 | ^ Ctrl+x, then r, then j, then letter of the window state register. | ||
| Move the focused window | ⎇ Alt+Space then M[20] then Arrow Keys and ⌅ Enter(to save location) | ⎇ Alt+Mouse /
⎇ Alt+F3 then M then Arrow Keys |
⎇ Alt+Mouse /
⎇ Alt+F7 then Arrow Keys |
||
| Resize the focused window | ⎇ Alt+Space then S[20] then Arrow Keys | ⎇ Alt+F3 then S then Arrow Keys | ⎇ Alt+F8 then Arrow Keys | ^ Ctrl+x, then ^ vertically | |
| Hide the focused window | ⌘ Cmd+H | ◆ Meta+x, then bury-buffer RET, then Ret | |||
| Hide all except the focused window | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+H | ||||
| Minimize the focused window | ⎇ Alt+Space then N,[20] or ⌘ Win+↓ (Windows 7 and Vista Home Premium) | ⌘ Cmd+M | ⎇ Alt+F3 then N | ⎇ Alt+F9 | ◆ Meta+x, then bury-buffer RET, then Ret |
| Maximize the focused window | ⎇ Alt+Space then X,[20] or ⌘ Win+↑ (Windows 7 only) | ⌘ Cmd+L | ⎇ Alt+F3 then X | ⎇ Alt+F10 | ^ Ctrl+x, then 1 |
| Maximize horizontally | Available, but no default | Available, but no default | |||
| Maximize vertically | ⌘ Win+⇧ Shift+↑ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | Available, but no default | Available, but no default | ||
| Minimize all | ⌘ Win+M or ⌘ Win+D | ⌘ Cmd+⎇ Alt+M | Available, but no default | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+D | |
| Minimize all non focused windows | ⌘ Win+⇱ Home (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | Available, but no default | |||
| Undo minimize all | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Win+M | Available, but no default | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+D | ||
| Switch fullscreen/normal size | F11 | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+F | F11 | F11 | |
| Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar | Depends on application, system default: ⌘ Cmd+^ Ctrl+F | ^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F | ^ Ctrl+F11 | ||
| Rollup/down window | Available, but no default | ⎇ Alt+F12 | |||
| Show all open windows | ⌘ Win+Tab ↹ | F9 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22] |
⌘ Win works per desktop on Gnome 3+ | ^ Ctrl+x, then ^ Ctrl+b | |
| Show all windows of current application | F3 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22] |
^ Ctrl+` | ^ Ctrl+x, then ^ Ctrl+b | ||
| Show all workspaces | F8 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22] |
⌘ Win then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen | |||
| Move window to left/right/up/down workspace | ⌘ Win+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | Available, but no default | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+⇧ Shift+
← / → / ↑ / ↓ |
||
| Move window between multiple monitors | ⌘ Win+⇧ Shift+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | ||||
| Move window to workspace n | Available, but no default | ||||
| Switch to next/previous workspace list | Available, but no default | ||||
| Go to workspace n | ^ Ctrl+n | ^ Ctrl+Fn | |||
| Go to left/right/up/down workspace | [23] | ^ Ctrl+← /
^ Ctrl+→ / ^ Ctrl+↑ / ^ Ctrl+↓ (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), ^ Ctrl+← / ^ Ctrl+→ (OS X 10.7) |
^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+← /
→ / ↑ / ↓ |
||
| Quit application of current window | ⎇ Alt+F4 or ^ Ctrl+F4 varies[24] | ⌘ Cmd+Q[25] | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+⎋ Esc | q | |
| Close dialog | ⎋ Esc | ⎋ Esc | |||
| Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar | ⌘ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | ||||
| Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch | ⌘ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1) | ||||
| Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened) | ⌘ Win+⇧ Shift+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | ||||
| Focus the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through them | ⌘ Win+T, you can ←→ back and forth. Hold ⇧ Shift to cycle backwards (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | ||||
| Peek at the desktop | ⌘ Win+Space (Windows 7 only) | F11 or
Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22] |
|||
| Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets | ⌘ Win+G (Windows Vista,7) or ⌘ Win+Space (Vista only, no cycling) | ||||
| External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.) | ⌘ Win+P (Windows 7 and Windows 8) |
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control | Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | With full keyboard access active (System Preferences > Keyboard
> Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)
Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ |
Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ |
| Pop up tooltip for currently focused control | ⇧ Shift+F1 | ^ Ctrl+F1 | ||
| Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control | ⇧ Shift+F1 | ⌘ Cmd+? | ⇧ Shift+F1 | ⇧ Shift+F1 |
| Give focus to next/previous pane | ^ Ctrl+F6 / ⎇ Alt+F6 | ⌘ Cmd+` | F6 / ⇧ Shift+F6 | |
| Give focus to splitter bar in paned window | F8 | |||
| Give focus to window's menu bar | F10 or ⎇ Alt | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+/, then type command name, or ^ Ctrl+F2 (or Fn+^ Ctrl+F2 on some keyboards - requires full keyboard access active using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)) |
⎇ Alt | F10 |
| Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu) | ⇧ Shift+F10 or ≣ Menu | Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then Function+^ Ctrl+5 or ^ Ctrl+5 (numeric keypad) or Function+^ Ctrl+i (laptop) | ≣ Menu | ≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift+F10 |
| Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button | Space | Space | Space | Space |
| Activate focused button, menu item etc. | ⌅ Enter | Space (also ⌅ Enter for menu items) | ⌅ Enter | ⌅ Enter |
| Select/move to first/last item in selected widget | ⇱ Home / ⇲ End | ⇱ Home / ⇲ End | ||
| Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right | ⇞ / ⇟
(or Fn+↑}+Fn+↓ on some keyboards) |
PageUp / ^ Ctrl+PageUp / PageDown / ^ Ctrl+PageDown |
||
| Scroll selected view to top/bottom | ↖ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↖
↘ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↘ |
|||
| Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window | ^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ | ^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ /
⌘ Cmd+` |
^ Ctrl+Tab ↹ ->
^ Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ <- |
|
| Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+Tab ↹ | |||
| Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog) | ^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+⎋ Esc /
⇧ Shift+^ Ctrl+⎇ Alt+⎋ Esc |
Command line shortcuts
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.| Action | Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe) |
Microsoft Windows (Windows PowerShell) |
Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (bash) |
Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (POSIX shell) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scroll through History of typed commands | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ or ^ Ctrl+P/^ Ctrl+N | ⎋ Esc K/⎋ Esc J |
| Signal end-of-file | ^ Ctrl+Z | ^ Ctrl+D | ||
| Abort current command/typing | ^ Ctrl+C | ^ Ctrl+C | ^ Ctrl+C | ^ Ctrl+C |
| Erase word to the left | ^ Ctrl+⌫ Backspace | ^ Ctrl+W | ||
| Erase word to the right | ^ Ctrl+⌦ Delete | ⎇ Alt+D | ||
| Erase line to the left | ^ Ctrl+⇱ Home | ^ Ctrl+⇱ Home | ^ Ctrl+U | |
| Erase line to the right | ^ Ctrl+⇲ End | ^ Ctrl+⇲ End | ^ Ctrl+K | |
| Yank/paste previously erased string | ^ Ctrl+Y | |||
| Move one word to the left (backward) | ^ Ctrl+← | ⎇ Alt+← | ⎇ Alt+B | |
| Move one word to the right (forward) | ^ Ctrl+→ | ⎇ Alt+→ | ⎇ Alt+F | |
| Move to beginning of line | ⇱ Home | ⇱ Home
or ⌘ Cmd+← |
^ Ctrl+A or ⇱ Home |
|
| Move to end of line | ⇲ End | ⇲ End
or ⌘ Cmd+→ |
^ Ctrl+E or ⇲ End |
|
| Reverse search of history | F8 | F8 | ^ Ctrl+R | |
| Stop execution of the current job | ^ Ctrl+Z | |||
| Insert the next character typed verbatim | ^ Ctrl+V | |||
| Autocomplete command/file name | Tab ↹ (enabled by default in Windows XP and later) | Tab ↹ | Tab ↹ (usually once) | ⎋ Esc (usually twice) |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor | ⇧ Shift+⌤ Ins | |||
| Scroll window up | ⇧ Shift+PageUp (may not work in some versions of Windows XP) | ⇧ Shift+PageUp | ||
| Scroll window down | ⇧ Shift+PageDown (may not work in some versions of Windows XP) | ⇧ Shift+PageDown |
Accessibility
- In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
- In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible if Universal Access is enabled.
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utility Manager | ⌘ Win+U | |||
| Use keyboard to control cursor | (⎇ Alt+Left Shift+Numlock | [26] | ||
| Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time | (⇧ Shift 5 times) | ***(⇧ Shift 5 times) [27] | ||
| Hear beep when -lock key pressed | (Numlock for 5 seconds) | |||
| Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed | (Right Shift for 8 seconds) | ***(⇧ Shift for 8 seconds)[28]
[29][30] |
||
| Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode | ⎇ Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+^ Ctrl+8 | ◆ Meta+⇧ Shift+i (if enabled) | |
| Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window) | ◆ Meta+⇧ Shift+u (if enabled) |
See also
- Common User Access
- Computer keyboard
- Human interface guidelines
- Keyboard shortcut
- Pointing device gesture
References
- Jump up ^ "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- Jump up ^ Singh, Swapnil (2012-02-08). "10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know". Tricktactoe.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- Jump up ^ Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when [[Fast user switching |Fast User Switching]] has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
- Jump up ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT1343. Apple Inc. 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Taking Screenshots". User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Cheat Sheet". https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- Jump up ^ For the concept of "selected text" see also X Window selection
- ^ Jump up to: a b "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. KDE. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- Jump up ^ "Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b community.linuxmint.com. "OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts — Linux Mint Community". Community.linuxmint.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Keyboard shortcuts — Perform common Firefox tasks quickly | Firefox Help". Support.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Opera Help: Keyboard Shortcuts". Help.opera.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Linux keyboard shortcuts — Google Chrome Help". Support.google.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "DefaultKeyboardShortcuts — arora — The Default Keyboard Shortcuts in Arora (Non-Mac Keyboard) - Cross Platform WebKit Browser — Google Project Hosting". Code.google.com. 2010-06-19. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- Jump up ^ "Shortcuts". Library.gnome.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Keyboard shortcuts — Perform common Firefox tasks quickly | Firefox Help". Support.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- Jump up ^ "Opera Help: Keyboard Shortcuts". Help.opera.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with ⎇ Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependent. The ⎇ Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
- Jump up ^ The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.
- Jump up ^ There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, ^ Ctrl+W or ^ Ctrl+F4 closes a document and ⎇ Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, ^ Ctrl+W, ^ Ctrl+F4, and ⎇ Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
- Jump up ^ Mac OS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close (window), ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit (application) and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+⎋ Esc Force Quit (application). Quit is closest to Kill.
- Jump up ^ "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Turn on Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- Jump up ^ "Turn On Bounce Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
External links
- General
- Mac OS X
- Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts
- Mac Keyboard Shortcuts
- General Windows Applications
- Linux/G.N.U.
- GNOME
- Useful keyboard shortcuts
- Keyboard Navigation
- Set Keyboard Shortcuts
- Universal Access
- Usage
- Keyboard Interaction
- http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/unstable/* for the latest documentation of unstable
- KDE
- Office Suites
- Web Browsers
- Mozilla Firefox for Linux
- Google Chrom{e,ium}
- Opera
- Web (previously Epiphany) official web browser for GNOME
- GNOME
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